Paul greyson



No. 626,302. n Patented June 6, |899. P. G. DE SCHUDT.

`ATMOSPHEHIC BURNER.

(Application filed June 16, 1898.)

(Nn Model.)

THE :wams Pneus ac.. Pumamnm wnmcrrou, u. c

UNiTnn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL GREYSON DE SCI-IODT, OF NAMUR, BELGIUM.

ATMOSPHERIC BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 626,302, dated June 6,1899.

Application tiled -Iune 16, 1896. Serial No. 595,780. No modell residingat Namur, in the Kingdom of Bel-- gium, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Systems and Means of Illuminating and HeatingApplicable to Gas and Mineral Oils; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact descripe tion of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings,and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisapplication.

My invention has relation to the art of illumination and heating; and ithas for its object the provision of means whereby the high temperaturesrequired for illumination and heat ing by incandescence can beobtainedwith a minimum volume of gaseous fuel, as ordinary illuminatingor other combustible gas.

As is well known, the luminosity of an incandescing body-as, forinstance, a refractory oXid-increases much more rapidly than thetemperature of the source of heat-. e., a heating iiame-so that in orderto obtain the greatest illuminating power from the least possiblequantity of fuel it is necessary to develop the greatest possible heatfrom such fuel, and in order to do this the combustion of the fuel mustbe substantially perfect. It is also known that the ratio of combustionof a combustible gas relatively to the quantity of gas consumed dependsupon the relative proportions and the more or less intimate admixtureofthe components of such gas.

In the practical carrying out of my invention I prefer to employ anappliance whereby the normal pressure of the gas is increased and tobring the air to be admixed therewith into forcible contact with thegas, so as to effeet the admixture mechanically, the result being a moreintimate admixture than could otherwise be obtained. I am thus enabledto obtain practically the same results as are obtained with the blowpipeor forced-draft burner and dispense with separate conduits for the airand gas; but that my invention may be fully understood I will describethe same in detail, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure l is a Vertical section of a burner embodying myinvention, and Fig. 2 is a like fragmentary view of the mixing-chamberof said burner.

As hereinbefore stated, I prefer in practice to impart to the gas agreater pressure than its normal pressure, and this may readily be doneby connecting the supply-main with a compressor of any well-knownconstruction and by interposing between the compressor and the serviceor distributing pipes a pressure-regulator, which may likewise be of anywell-known construction.

As hereinabove stated, I effect the admixture of the gas and airmechanically or forcibly, because this cannot be done by merely bringingthe stream of gas into contact with a stream of air-as, for instance, bycausing the air to be drawn along with the stream of gas by its velocityor by the latter and the heat evolved at the burner-as it is well knownthat two fluids liowing together at different velocities will notreadily mix, and if the velocity of one of the iuids is sufficientlygreat there will, so to speak, be no admixture. In view of thiswell-known law of fluids and the fact that the velocity of flow of thegas under the action of the compressor would be sufficiently great. toprevent an intimate admixture of the required volume of air with thegas, and thus defeat the object aimed at, I provide means whereby suchintimate admixture is effected, so as to dispense with air forcingappliances and the special conduits required in the use of suchappliances.

The principles of operation upon which the mixing appliances are basedare shown in Fig. 2, in which D indicates a mixing tube or chamber whoseoutlet is contracted, the converging walls d having the form ofparaboloidal segments, and axially within the tube below said convergingwalls I arrange a discoidal delector d. If a gas-injector nozzle ornozzles is or are so arranged relatively to the inlet to the tube D asto inject the gas axially thereinto at the high velocity referred to,currents of air will be induced and fiow with the gas into the tube-thatis to say, the ambient air will be entrained by the jetof gas. In thismanner a jet of gas enveloped by a body of air isV caused to flow intoIthe tube, and unless such tlow is, baffled or otherwise disturbed therewould be but a very slight admixture of air with the gas; but asthe jet`ofgas impinges upon the under side ofthe deflector d' itis deflectedlaterally, in substantially the form of a more or less concavo-convexsheet, with considerable force toward the tube-walls, therebyintercepting the flow of the envelop of air and mixing therewith. Theimpact ofv the gas upon the tube-walls and the axial arrangement of thedetlector will also4 result in a reflux toward the axis of the tube otthe mixed iiuids, thus producing swirlsand eddiesf from the deilectorrto the throat or outlet of thetube. Asthe tendencyof'the air entrainedinto the tube by the jetof gas .isrto hug or.v iiow alongtheAtube-Walls, such air as is not4v intimately mixed with the gas at orabout the deflectcr will flow upward and will then be directed'towardthe axisfof the tube bythe paraboloidalfwalls d thereof to the throat oroutlet, at'which pointv such air will meet with the out-current of' thefluids and will commingle therewith and be absorbed thereby.

gas is7 somewhat,A increasedl by.l the ejectornozzle beyond the velocityimparted to it by t'lie'compressor, yet as itis necessary-in effectingthe-intimate admixture of the iinids tobaffle their flow their velocityissomewhatl retarded or decreased, andk this retardationv isincreased bythe admixture of the more sluggish ambientv airwith the'gas. orderto-restore tothe mixed uids the velocity at'vwhich4 they shall issuefrom the burner I pref-cr to connect the latterfwithanexpansion-chamber, which, in view of'itsproximity to-the zoneofrcombustion, becomes heated byL I radiation, thereby expanding the fluidsand;

increasing; the pressure thereof correspond'- ingly, aswellas preheatingsuch-fluids, ren-l dering combust'ion still more perfect'.

In Figa l the injector-nozzle l is-screwedtothe gas-distributingv pipe,andfthe mixerD-isvidedin-practice for-the support of an incanl desciblelmantle or mantles if the burner be used-forilluminatingpurposes. Shouldthe Vburner be-eX-posed todrafts of air, the space Hence ini between theinjector-nozzle and the mixingchamber may be inclosed by a foraminouscylinder G.

Inasmuch as the flow of the gas and air to the burner is intercepted andits velocity is thereby reduced, I provide the expansionchamber b',wherein the intimately-mixed fluids are heated and caused toexpand,where iby their normal pressure is restored and the combustion ofthe gas promoted, as will be readily understood. ,i Havingthusdescribedmy invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

l. The combination with a burner and a mixing-chamber in communicationtherewith, and having its wallsabout the outlet leading to the burnerformedfof paraboloid'alcurves converging to s-aidoutlet; of'aninjectorarlranged relatively to4 the mixing-chamber vtov .injectgasfand induce a` flowv o1`-l air into said 'cha-mber, and -meanssubstantially such as described whereby the stream of' gases flowingaxially through thechamber is-intercepted, spread'and deflected againstthe chamberwallsand thereby directed totheaforesaid f convergingsurfaces, forthe purpose set forth.v Ailthough thevelocity of iiowf of;Vthe jet of' 2L The combination withaburner, an expansion-chamber incommunication theregwith, a mixing-chamber having its outlet connected'with the expansion-chamber and i'ormedlof' converging paraboloidalcurves, i andan injector arranged relatively-to themixing-chambertoinjectgas and induce a how of airtherei'nto; of meanssubstantiallysuch las describedwhereby the gas= flowing axially tintothe mixing-chamber isintercepted ,spread and deflected laterally againstthe chamberlwalls, andthereby directed tothe aforesaid con verging surfaces, for thepurpose set-forth;

A4 burner comprisingamixing-chamber having its-wallsaboutthe outletincom-m unication With-the burner-tipform'edfof paraboloid'alcurvesconverging to said'outlet, a gasinjector located some distance from theinlet to the mixing'- chamber, whereby air isL entrained thereinto bythe-velocityof'the jet, a

l GO

deecton df within themixing-chamber.inthe path of the jet ot' fluids,and aguardlor guarding the jetagainst deflection by external air-`currents,for the purpose set forth.

In testimony Whereof'l" affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' PAUL GREYSON DE. SCHODT.

Witnesses:

HENRI: RAcLoTE, EDoUARD LoBANiY.

IIO

